Starbucks opened its first store in China in 1999, when drinking coffee in a Western-style café was still a novel idea to many locals. But in the years since, homegrown coffee and bubble tea brands like Luckin Coffee, Heytea, Chagee, and Mixue have gradually chipped away at Starbucks’ share of the Chinese market. Now, they are crossing the Pacific, hoping to compete with the Seattle-based coffee giant and other American beverage chains on their home turf.

We wanted to experience—and taste—what these Chinese brands are offering American consumers. Over the past week, we visited two Luckin coffee shops and one HeyTea store in New York City, as well as one Chagee location in Los Angeles. What we found was a new and different beverage culture taking shape, built around speed, smartphone apps, and premium flavors.

The arrival of these Chinese chains comes at a difficult moment for Starbucks. The company closed more than 600 stores worldwide this year and laid off roughly 900 corporate staffers. New York City mayor-elect Zohran Mamdani urged people on Thursday to boycott Starbucks as unionized baristas at dozens of its US locations went on strike. And earlier this month, Starbucks announced it had agreed to sell up to 60 percent of its China business to a private equity firm.

Luckin’s App-First Model

The Chinese beverage brand that appears to be expanding fastest in the US is Luckin, which has opened five locations in Manhattan this year alone. Luckin is China’s largest coffee shop chain, with more than than 26,000 stores globally. In China, there are about three Luckin coffee shops for every one Starbucks. The company was started by a former tech executive less than a decade ago and is known for its slick, app-oriented cafés.

Zeyi visited one of Luckin’s outposts in the Financial District in New York City, where he got a regular-sized iced coconut latte that cost $7.02 after tax. He says he was struck by how quiet it was—at 4 pm on a Tuesday, there were about four customers in the store. But the eerie silence had more to do with how the staff were behaving. Luckin requires customers to place their orders online, so there’s no need to speak to a human.

A computer screen alerted the baristas when orders came in and printed stickers for them to put on each cup. The only customer interaction happened when Zeyi and another person appeared confused at the counter. "Is it your first time here?" an employee asked. “We do everything online here. You can scan the code and order." When Zeyi’s drink was done, he says the baristas just left it on the counter, and he had to figure out which one was his by himself.

The next day, Zeyi visited another Luckin location in Midtown that he says was busier than the first store. This time, he decided to download the Luckin app—new customers who use it can get their first drink for $1.99, a very good deal in New York City. Zeyi ordered a cold brew, and the baristas once again said nothing when it was ready.

A Luckin Coffee shop in Manhattan, where customers are instructed to place their orders online.

Courtesy of Zeyi Yang

The Scent of HeyTea

Chagee and HeyTea are tea shop chains known for their premium offerings and Instagram-ready packaging. Both brands are part of a trend in China known as guócháo (国潮) or “China chic,” which incorporates traditional cultural elements with modern design.

HeyTea is the oldest brand in our roundup. It was founded in 2012 by a Chinese 19-year-old entrepreneur, and it already has a fairly large US footprint, with over a dozen stores in California, New York, Texas, Florida, and other regions. The company’s American menu includes elaborate drinks with names like “Cloud Coconut Blue” ($7.99) and “Crisp Grape Boom” ($7.49).

Zeyi visited HeyTea’s store in Brooklyn, which is typically less busy than its Manhattan locations. There's a monitor screen on the wall that says which drinks are ready for pickup. Since the finished drinks are placed out of reach of customers, you have to talk to a barista to get your order—a very different experience from Luckin. One thing Zeyi says he loves about this HeyTea location is that it has a superstrong tea scent, which you can smell from a few storefronts away. Zeyi says he’s heard rumors that HeyTea uses better ingredients in the US than in China, which could explain the smell.

Chagee’s ‘Straw Guide’

Chagee is arguably the fanciest chain we visited, though its drinks don’t meaningfully differ in price from those of Luckin or HeyTea. Founded in 2017, Chagee now has more than 7,000 stores, including 200 outside China. It has two outposts in the US, both of which are in California. Like Starbucks, Chagee tries to make its stores warm and welcoming places where people can work, study, and hang out with their friends.

Chagee’s logo is inspired by the masks worn by actors in traditional Chinese opera.

Courtesy of Louise Matsakis

At roughly 7 pm on Thursday, there were around ten people waiting for their drinks and sitting at tables in Chagee’s store in Westfield Century City mall in Los Angeles. I ordered two drinks through the Chagee app: a Jasmine Green Lemon Tea ($7.45) and a Roasted Oolong Pure Tea ($5.25). A 15 percent off coupon popped up, bringing my order total to $13.94. I chose the oolong tea because it had relatively little caffeine—there don’t appear to be any caffeine-free options on the menu.

Chagee stands out for the care it puts into even the smallest details. Unlike Starbucks’ green tea lemonade, Chagee’s jasmine lemon tea comes with fresh lime and lemon slices, giving it a more luxurious feel. The oolong tea was brewed perfectly, with a deep, rich flavor. Near the counter, where customers pick up their orders, a “Straw Guide” instructs them on the recommended straw for each drink.

This is an edition ofZeyi YangandLouise Matsakis’Made in China newsletter. Read previous newslettershere.